Turkey, a country straddling two continents, offers a captivating blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. Majestic palaces and ancient ruins exist harmoniously with bustling metropolises, while tranquil beaches border charming seaside towns.
With an abundance of awe-inspiring places to visit in Turkey, the possibilities for exploration are endless. But it’s more than just a feast for the eyes; it’s a gastronomic haven, a cultural treasure trove, and a melting pot of traditions that will keep you captivated. If you’re a curious traveler, this is one destination you should definitely explore!
Tips for your first visit to Turkey
Turkey ranks as one of the world’s top international tourist destinations, attracting around 46 million visitors each year. However, a massive earthquake struck the country in 2023, and reconstruction is still in progress.
The good news is that most of the top tourist spots in Turkey are located far away from the part of the country that was affected by the earthquake. So, those places are considered safe to explore and enjoy.
As a first-time visitor, there are a few essential things to keep in mind:
1. Stay informed: Follow all safety precautions and travel warnings issued by the Turkish government and the U.S. Embassy. They will provide you with the most current information on potential risks or safety concerns.
2. Check visa requirements: Depending on your nationality, you may need a visa to enter Turkey. Before finalizing your plans, check if you need a visa to Turkey and submit an application if so.
3. Be respectful and understanding: While visiting Turkey, remember that the country is still dealing with the aftermath of the earthquake. Be respectful and sensitive to the local communities and their challenges during your travels.
ⓘ In 2021, the internationally recognized name “Turkey” was changed to “Türkiye,” as it is spelled and pronounced in Turkish. The country’s official name is Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (Republic of Turkey).
5 places to visit in Turkey that are tourist favorites
If you’re eager to explore Turkey, get ready for an extraordinary adventure! Here are 5 unique and diverse tourist destinations in Turkey that showcase the country’s rich cultural, historical, and natural heritage
1. Istanbul
Istanbul, formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople, has a history that spans over 2,600 years. It served as the capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires, making it a center of political, cultural, and religious significance. The city’s unique position on the Bosphorus Strait, connecting Europe and Asia, has played a crucial role in shaping its history.
Today, Istanbul is a vibrant metropolis that seamlessly blends its rich past with modernity. Visitors can explore iconic landmarks such as Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, and Topkapi Palace. The city’s bustling markets, bustling street life, and delicious culinary scene offer an immersive experience of Turkish culture.
Top attractions:
- Hagia Sophia: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this ancient architectural marvel was once a Byzantine cathedral, then a mosque, and is now a museum.
- Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmed Mosque): Known for its magnificent, blue-tiled interior and six minarets, it is one of Istanbul’s most iconic landmarks.
- Topkapi Palace: Explore the opulent residence of the Ottoman Sultans, housing an impressive collection of artifacts.
- Grand Bazaar: Get lost in this bustling marketplace, home to over 4,000 shops selling everything from textiles to spices.
Top experience: With a Bosphorus Cruise, you can see the magnificent skyline and ancient landmarks of Istanbul from a new angle while gliding along the famous strait. The cruise takes you through the heart of Istanbul and provides a fascinating glimpse into the city’s complex history and vibrant present.
Where to stay: The Sultanahmet district is an excellent choice for first-time visitors, as it is within walking distance of many major attractions. There are various accommodation options, including boutique hotels and charming guesthouses.
2. Cappadocia
Cappadocia always ranks among the top tourist spots in Turkey. With a history that dates back to ancient times, its unique rock formations and cave dwellings once sheltered early Christian communities fleeing persecution. Over the centuries, various civilizations have left their mark on this region, creating a fascinating cultural tapestry.
Today, the area’s fairy-tale landscapes make Cappadocia a sought-after destination for travelers. Most of them head to the town of Goreme because it serves as a perfect hub from which to explore the rest of Cappadocia. Expect underground cities, hot air balloon rides over otherworldly landscapes, and ancient cave churches.
Top attractions:
- Derinkuyu Underground City: Delve beneath the surface and explore the ancient underground city of Derinkuyu, which once housed thousands of people as well as their livestock.
- Avanos Pottery Workshops: Avanos is renowned for its pottery tradition, and visitors can experience the art of pottery-making in various workshops throughout the town.
- Goreme Open-Air Museum: Discover an ancient monastic settlement with rock-cut churches and stunning frescoes.
- Zelve Open-Air Museum: This open-air museum showcases abandoned cave dwellings and a monastic complex, providing insights into the region’s unique historical lifestyle.
- Uchisar Castle: Enjoy panoramic views of Cappadocia from this natural rock fortress.
- Love Valley and Pasabag (Monks Valley): Marvel at the unique fairy chimneys and rock formations.
Top experience: One of the most interesting things to do in Cappadocia is to take a hot air balloon ride at sunrise. Looking down at the surreal scenery below, the fairy chimneys and cave houses will take on a whole new dimension.
Where to stay: Stay in a cave hotel in Goreme or Urgup to fully immerse yourself in the Cappadocian experience. These cave accommodations offer modern comforts and an unforgettable ambiance.
3. Izmir
Izmir, known as Smyrna in Biblical times, is one of the oldest cities in the Mediterranean region. It has been inhabited since ancient times and played a crucial role in the history of the Aegean region. Over the centuries, the city has been under the rule of various civilizations, including the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and Ottomans.
Izmir is Turkey’s third-largest city. It offers a laid-back atmosphere with a blend of historical sites and modern amenities. Visitors can explore ancient ruins, enjoy the city’s vibrant nightlife, and relax on beautiful beaches along the Aegean coastline.
Top attractions:
- Ephesus: Step back in time as you explore the ancient ruins of Ephesus, one of the best-preserved classical cities in the world.
- Izmir Clock Tower: This iconic clock tower stands at Konak Square, a symbol of the city’s modernity and history.
- Kemeralti Bazaar: Wander through this lively bazaar, where you can find everything from spices to traditional Turkish crafts.
- Kadifekale (Velvet Castle): Enjoy panoramic views of Izmir from this ancient hilltop fortress.
Top experience: Only an hour away, Ephesus is a remarkable ancient city that was once a significant port along the Aegean Sea. Today, you can wander through the ruins and appreciate the workmanship of a bygone era.
Alternatively, if trekking around ancient ruins doesn’t sound like your idea of fun, a guided tour of Izmir will give you the chance to see the castle of Alexander the Great and other historical sites.
Where to stay: For a luxurious stay, consider hotels along the coastline in districts like Alsancak and Cesme. If you prefer a more laid-back vibe, Alacati offers charming boutique accommodations.
4. Muğla Province
Muğla Province, located on the southwestern coast of Turkey, boasts some of the country’s most beautiful beaches, azure waters, and vibrant nightlife.
The Muğla Province has a rich history that dates back to ancient times when it was part of Caria and Lycia regions. Throughout history, it has been influenced by various civilizations, including the Persians, Greeks, and Ottomans.
With its stunning coastline, turquoise waters, and picturesque beaches, the Muğla Province is a paradise for beach lovers. Popular destinations like Bodrum, Oludeniz, and Marmaris offer a mix of natural beauty and vibrant nightlife.
Top attractions:
- Oludeniz: Visit the famous Blue Lagoon, a stunning beach with crystal-clear waters and a serene atmosphere.
- Butterfly Valley: Explore this hidden gem, accessible by boat or a challenging hike, and named after the diverse butterfly species found here.
- Saklikent Gorge: Embark on an adventure through the narrow canyon with icy-cold waters and towering cliffs.
- Marmaris: Experience the lively atmosphere of this resort town, offering a mix of stunning beaches, water sports, and vibrant nightlife.
There’s plenty to do in and around Marmaris because it’s a fantastic tourist hub, so you’ve got a little flexibility here. Given how much traveling you’ve done so far, you may want to relax and set off on an all-inclusive boat trip, allowing you to swim in the ocean and explore the market town of Turunç.
When you return from your hotel, use the cheap Dolmuş to make your way to the harbor. Begin your evening with a truly unique culinary experience trying Middle Eastern foods at one of the harbor’s restaurants. Then, take a short walk and visit the Grand Bazaar to pick up some bargains.
Top experience: All-inclusive boat trips are popular here, as they sail to neighboring islands and serene bays in the Mediterranean Sea. You’ll snorkel, swim, and sunbathe while enjoying delectable food and drinks. An all-day excursion like this promises endless fun and cherished memories.
Where to stay: Marmaris, Bodrum, and Fethiye are popular tourist destinations. You’ll find a wide range of accommodations, from all-inclusive resorts to boutique hotels.
5. Dalyan River and Turtle Beach
Dalyan is a small town with a history dating back to ancient times. The region was once part of the ancient city of Caunos and was an important trading center during the Lycian period.
Today, Dalyan is known for its natural beauty, including the Dalyan River, the famous Turtle Beach (Iztuzu Beach), and the rejuvenating mud baths. It offers a peaceful retreat where visitors can connect with nature and enjoy the relaxed atmosphere.
Top attractions:
- Dalyan River Cruise: Sail along the river, passing the Tomb of the Kings and other ancient Lycian rock tombs carved into the cliffs.
- Turtle Beach (Iztuzu Beach): A protected nesting site for loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), this beach is an untouched paradise.
- Mud Baths: Experience the rejuvenating benefits of the famous Dalyan mud baths.
Top experience:
One of the top experiences here is a serene Dalyan River Cruise. You’ll drift along the tranquil river, passing ancient Lycian rock tombs and, which is a burial site carved into the side of the mountain. If you’re lucky, the captain of the boat may give you the opportunity to steer.
Where to stay: Dalyan is home to a number of quaint hotels and inns where you can relax and take in the area’s stunning scenery in peace.
Getting around in Turkey
Turkey’s extensive and affordable public transportation network makes exploring the country a breeze.
- Domestic flights are generally cheap, with one-way tickets costing between $20-60 if booked in advance.
- Buses are the primary mode of ground transportation, and long-distance ticket prices vary by distance, route, and company. Use a website like Busbud to compare.
- Dolmuşes (minibuses) offer a comfortable and affordable way to travel within cities and towns.
- Trains in Turkey are efficient and well-connected, with trips between major cities. When compared to buses, cars, and planes, you’ll get more legroom and comfort at a lesser cost. But they are also slower.
- Domestic ferries operate in Istanbul and the Sea of Marmara, providing transportation along the Bosphorus and to the Princess Islands.
If you’d rather not be at the mercy of fixed bus or train times, it’s better to rent a car. Having the flexibility to go wherever and whenever you like will allow you to make the most of your time in Turkey.
Final thoughts
These five cities in Turkey offer a diverse range of experiences, from exploring ancient history to immersing in natural wonders, making them ideal destinations for travelers seeking a blend of culture, history, and natural beauty.
